Bill Grenard is a high school friend. That would not seem unusual until you realize that after graduation, we both moved away and didn’t see each other until our 50th high school reunion. In fact, we didn’t hang around much in high school because he was a brainy kid and I was a jock. About the only thing we had in common was being math wizards.
Well, as you do at reunions, we spent some time catching each other up on what had happened in the last 50 years and found that we had quite a bit in common. We have kept in touch over the last three plus years.
Shortly before Christmas, he told me that rather than have family members provide him with traditional gifts, he was asking them to write twenty or so questions. These are not questions to be answered. He got the idea from a book by Padgett Powell entitled, “The Interogative Mood: a Novel?.” The book is made up entirely of questions. He provided me with examples from the book and then provided some questions from him. I told him I would send him twenty questions for Christmas.
Below, you will find some of Powell’s questions, some of Bill’s questions and my Christmas gift to Bill. If this inspires you to comment with twenty or so questions, great. If you decide it is a stupid idea and pass, I will understand.
I liked Bill’s questions better that Powell’s. And, to no one’s surprise, I liked my questions best of all!
Some of Powell’s questions:
Do you do yard sales? Are you happy with your teeth? Do you in general trust or mistrust earnestness? Do you attend parades? Do you gamble? Do you like pull candy? Have you any weapons on you at the moment? Would you buy a pearl choker? Are you important? Do you have any skin disabilities such as eczema or psoriasis? Can you envision saying seriously to someone, “You just holler for help, and I’ll come arunnin’ “? Do you like to use terms like “triangulation” and “extrapolation” when not speaking mathematically? Are you bold, would you say? Can you count in languages other than your mother tongue? Would you like for your life to be more, or less, dangerous than it is? Have you ever experienced any sort of hernia?
Is baseball all it’s cracked up to be? Do people stink, mostly? Is there life on other planets, or after death on this one, as it were? Do you like stalling for time? Can you lob a grenade accurately, would you think? Are there interstices in your character? Is it hard for you to resist the demands of whiny people? Have you ever wound an armature for an electric motor? Do you know precisely what a chilblain is? Do you bite your tongue or grind your teeth at night? Have you ever witnessed any credible sign of ghosts?
(I think that is enough. As I said, I thought Bill’s questions were better.)
Some of Bill Grenard’s questions:
Do you think that the older a person is, the better judgment they have, or does each person exhibit about the same level of good or poor judgment throughout the adult life? What does the word deuteronomy mean? Do you think people who live in a hilly area are in general more mentally unsettled than those that live in a flat area? Have you ever used the word “morsel” conversationally?
Seeing that the latest mountain bikes have 24 or 27 speeds; do you think this is just about right, overkill, or would 48 or 54 speeds be even better? Do you find that you take pleasure in the successes of underlings, but successes of your peers make you feel bad, at least for a brief time? Would you rather have a parakeet or a turtle for a pet? What would change you mind on that? Would you rather be a cross-country truck driver or a cross-country bus driver?
Do you think there is, in aggregate, a greater amount of talented, high-quality TV programming now that we have 600 channels than when we had just a dozen or so? Doesn’t it seem that Eeyore is clinically depressed and Pooh is suffering from early-onset Alzheimer’s? How much do TV sets playing in grocery stores enhance your shopping experience? If you think that people living in hilly areas are more unstable mentally, do you think it is because mentally unstable people tend to move to hilly areas, or is it just that living in a hilly area provides a dimension of variability that people in flat areas don’t experience and that makes them a little less stable? If you lived in a flat area and wanted to ride around the neighborhood, how many speed would you want on you bicycle?
If you think people have about the same level of judgment throughout their life, should we lower the minimum age for President to 21? Do you feel that people are subjected to more distractions, say ten or fifteen years ago, and if you do, how do you square this with reports that productivity has continuously increased over the time period? Do you feel that if the Eeyore character had been a regular on Mr. Rogers, the show would have been much too depressing for small children to watch, or would the children who watched it have just turned out to be very quiet and sort of whiny?
My Christmas present questions: (You will notice that I write shorter questions and don’t go through the folly of deciding what constitutes a paragraph.)
Is Chap Stick a necessity? How does my dog always know what time it is? When are the Vietnam veterans going to be welcomed home? Why do the American people believe candidates who make outrageous promises and then ignore the fact when they don’t keep them? Can you dress for success on a nudist beach? Is a stitch in time better that receiving a penny for you thoughts? Is Tiger making his own decisions or is he receiving wise counsel and ignoring it? Why is it difficult for people to admit that they like fruit cake? Is golf a game or a sickness? What’s so great about a White Christmas? What ever happened to Pong? Why did the lower enlisted man in financial trouble have a color TV, when I couldn’t afford one? Who are the Jones anyway? Would there be more or less strife in the world if everyone spoke the same language? Why should anyone select the cartoon character Snoopy to be their hero? Is chess a game or a sickness? Is there any reality in a reality TV show? If there is water on the Moon, will the cheese go bad? Why do they make tooth paste containers so that you can’t get the last of the tooth paste? Would Yo-Yo Mah be such a memorable cellist if his name were Joe Schwartz?
All posts by pajarice
Congressman Gerry Connolly
An Open Letter to Congressman Gerry Connolly, 11th District, Virginia
Dear Congressman Connolly:
A few days back, I received in the mail a six-page brochure from you entitled, “A Progress Report from Congressman Gerry Connolly.” It was an expensive glossy brochure with color pictures of you on four pages. I thought, if this is how you want to spend your campaign money, that’s your business.
Then I noticed in the fine print on the last page the following, “This mailing was prepared, published and mailed at taxpayer expense.” I am furious. I don’t understand how you, in good conscience, can spend our money to make yourself look good. Shame on you. You could have published your report on plain white paper with black and white photos (if necessary) and saved the taxpayers thousands of dollars. I plan on holding on to the brochure so that I can show people I talk to that you are being a spendthrift with our money.
Also, please consider losing the mustache. Every time I see you smile, it reminds me of the dastardly villain who is tying the poor helpless damsel to the railroad track. In my own mind, I see the poor helpless damsel as our health care program that you have already tied to the track.
If you intend to send out any more expensive glossy, color photo reports, please remove me from your mailing list.
Sincerely,
Paul J. Rice
11th District Voter
A Special Christmas – 2009
As many of you know, each year I write a Christmas poem. When I started out, I was posting a number of them from previous years. Well, I am current and for the first time, I think I am going to post this year’s poem two days before Old Saint Nick arrives. Ho, Ho, Ho.
Merry Christmas to all of you.
A Special Christmas – 2009
In the year of our Lord, two thousand and nine,
I put pen to paper and hoist a stein.
It’s time to report on a special year,
Fifty years joined, a lofty tier.
So young for fifty, someone should delve,
OK, we admit it, we were only twelve.
With kids and grandkids, we shipped off to
A neat way to celebrate, Right? I ask ya?
Missy, Terry and Kristin made it, but were late,
They finally got their luggage, when we docked at Icy Strait.
The table seated twelve, but we had one more,
So we snatched an additional chair, and had fun galore.
We loved to watch the glaciers, and were startled by the whales,
We came home excited and exhausted, with many glorious tales.
It’s a party year, after four without,
And it always rains hardest, after a drought.
Preparations started way back in September,
And the tree has been up since I can’t remember.
But it’s all worth it, it’s where the road ends,
Surrounded at Christmas, by family and friends.
Blanche and Mary are in their nineties, but they won’t pitch a hissy,
They just want to remind us, old age is not for a sissy.
Blanche needs her oxygen, so she brings along her tank,
Mary’s broken hip’s repaired, there’s Karen and doctors to thank.
Disney in January and lessons at Ledbetter Golf,
Jack’s working on his swing, oh please do not scoff.
Financially it all worked out, you really can’t beat that,
For David’s paying Jack, not to wear his hat!
RAJA in
Party with old friends, now that’s a celebration.
We toured the city wide and saw some devastation,
But things are coming back, that’s the revelation.
Out in
Waited till the nest was empty, but never lost sight of the key.
Grant’s stepping out into the cruel world, two jobs worth of perspiration.
Missy’s recovering from a rear-ender, it’s been a lengthy struggle,
But she’s coming to our party, school and flights she’ll have to juggle.
Terry’s driving them up for Christmas, togetherness is really keen.
It’s not just the Army that suffers through the test.
Another bump in transition from job to career,
It’s tough on the family, but
Josh is studying at Radford and Little Jack is quite the sport,
Found himself a girlfriend, shortly after we left port.
So much we have to be thankful for, each year brings us joy,
But it’s friends and family that count the most, they cause us to buoy.
So with blessings to everyone, and a life full of cheer,
Merry Christmas to all and a Happy New Year!
The Nobel Peace Prize in a Cracker Jack Box
Yesterday, I listened to Barack Obama accept the Nobel Peace Prize. I don’t understand why he was selected. I guess other countries and societies have their agendas too. But, I was delighted that during his speech, he didn’t apologize for the conduct of the United States. Then, I thought, we have really sunk pretty low when I’m delighted that the President of the United States didn’t insult our country in his remarks.
I liked what he said about justifying war. Whoever wrote his speech did a nice job. And President Obama is excellent at reading speeches. He also does an excellent job at Christmas tree lightings and Easter egg rolls. It kind of made me wish we had a government like Germany where the president merely officiates at functions. I would sleep better at night if I knew Obama was devoting all his energy toward the next state dinner.
But, if Obama was just the titular head and someone else was the chancellor or prime minister, who would that be? Some of the possible answers were so scary (Reed, Pelosi) that I gave up on the whole idea. Did I ever in my wildest dream think I would get to the place where Hillary Clinton looked good?
Tiger, Tell the Truth
Sometime Friday, I was looking at the news on my computer and the lead article said Tiger Woods had been in a traffic accident and was in serious condition. Immediately, I thought of his career and whether the accident would keep him from competing. I’m a big Tiger fan and believe he has been wonderful for the resurgence of golf. Sometimes, I pull for the underdog, but I never cheer against Tiger.
Then, as the news trickled out, we found that Tiger had been treated at the hospital and released. That was good news. But, then everything flashed bizarre. The accident was at 2:25 AM Friday morning. He had run into a fire hydrant and a tree. Tiger fans are already questioning who had placed the fire hydrant at that location. Then, we find out that his wife, Elin, hearing the crash ran out of the house and broke the rear window out of his SUV with a golf club. Fans will be interested in which club she selected and what grip she used. She was able to extricate Tiger out of the rear of the vehicle.
We have been advised that alcohol was not involved in Tiger’s crash. Again, good news. But efforts by the police on Friday and Saturday to obtain statements from Tiger and Elin have been unsuccessful. That is a shame. It takes some of us back to Chappaquiddick. Are they putting a story together? I hope not.
My advice to Tiger is to tell the truth. It can’t be anywhere near as bad as being caught in a lie. They probably had a fight and he stormed out of the house. So what? Even the happiest of marriages have knock-down-drag-out fights.
Tell the truth Tiger. Me and your mother have already forgiven you.
Shart Sharts
I received one of those humorous emails that tells certain idiosyncrasies about certain locations. This location was St. Louis. It said, “If someone in a Home Depot store offers you assistance and they don’t work there – you might live in St. Louis.” “If you have a lengthy phone conversation with someone who dialed the wrong number – you might live in St. Louis.”
Well, I took umbrage with one of them. It went, “If you take I farty-far to Six Flags – you might live in St. Louis. I grew up in the St. Louis area (over on the East Side), and will humbly admit that we pronounce our “ORs” as if they were “ARs.” We eat carn on the cob and sometimes eat carn with a fark!
So, what am I upset about? We would never pronounce “four” as “far.” We do just fine with “our,” it’s just “or” that we do a number on. So, if someone takes I farty-four to Six Flags – they might live in St. Louis. And, their daughters might be wearing shart sharts.
Now, the real purpose for this comment is to introduce a new category called Short Shorts. See, I do know how to spell it. This is my first one. They will never fill up a page. At times I would like to comment on current events, but by the time I get around to writing, it’s no longer current. This should also help all my buddies with Attention Deficit Disorder.
Me and My Old Man
I guess every young boy has vivid memories of his dad. I remember my dad climbing up a large Sycamore tree in our front yard. There weren’t special boots or safety ropes back then. Or, if there were, he didn’t use them. He just climbed from limb to limb until he was way up there. I think he trimmed some dead branches and then, he scurried down. I was fascinated. I thought Dad could do anything.
I also thought he was indestructible. When I was four or five, my dad was laying on the living room floor wrestling with my brother, Bill, and me. Bill was three years older and putting up most of the fight. I would dive in and Dad would toss me away and continue wrestling with Bill. After several unsuccessful ventures, I looked around and saw our set of encyclopedias. I pulled out the letter “M” book, sneeked behind Dad and whacked him over the head. Playtime was over. He might have been able to handle the letter “F” book, but there were too many words that started with “M.” I didn’t knock him out, but I definitely hurt him. He couldn’t understand why I hit him. And, I couldn’t tell him that I didn’t think it would hurt him. It was a tough lesson
One of the things I loved to do was watch Dad shave. When he would come home from work, he would usually shave before dinner. Shaving then isn’t like it is today. Then, it was an elaborate procedure which started with stropping the straight razor. Back and forth he would draw the razor over the razor strap. Then, there was the shaving soap and the shaving brush. No cans back then. He would lather up the brush and cover his beard with soap. Then, he would carefully bring the razor to his face and shave away. Knicks were commonplace back then, but Dad was good and seldom drew blood. I suspect Dad was performing for me and he definitely had an enraptured audience of one.
Later, Dad brought home a Rolls Razor, made in England. The container looked like an oversize sardine can. Inside the container was a razor that could be sharpened inside its metal box. He would open one side, lift up the handle and slide the blade back and forth against the bottom of the container. The bottom was a red leather strap. The handle would slide back and forth on tracks. Or, he could seal it up, flip it over and then the bottom was a gray honing stone. It took ten to 15 minutes just to sharpen the nickel plated blade. Shaving then followed the same ritual – shaving soap – shaving brush – strokes over the face and knicks.
Some time in the late Forties, Gillette came out with its Super Speed twist-to-open model. When the blade was no longer sharp, you threw it away and put in a new blade. The dawning of a new era. While I no longer watched enraptured (I already knew he wasn’t indestructible), Dad kept me informed regarding each improvement. I still wasn’t shaving, but it was great to see how everything worked.
In 1950, Gillette came out with the Blue Blade. It was stainless steel and seemed to be the consummate safety razor. Dad very seldom cut himself. I started shaving in the 50’s and learned it wasn’t as easy as it looked.
I should probably say that there were other companies out there making good safety razors, but Gillette, in my mind, was a family tradition. Even after I left home, Dad and I would discuss the latest shaving technology. Trac II came out in 1971 with two blades. We liked it. In 1977, the Atra came out with a swivel head. We liked it. Let’s face it. We were easy. After shaving with a straight razor, Dad was fascinated with each improvement.
Whenever I hear about a straight razor, I think about the story my Uncle Bob would tell. When he was young, he would get his hair cut at a barber school. Barber students who were learning how to cut hair would practice on brave souls like Uncle Bob. The price was great, but not necessarily the results. Anyway, this young student was starting to shave around Bob’s ears. A teacher walked up and said, “If you ever feel the razor slipping in your hand, don’t grab for it or you’ll cut his ear off.” I told Uncle Bob, if I ever saw him looking lopsided, I would know what happened.
By the time the Gillette Sensor came out in 1990, with its spring-loaded blades, Dad was in his late seventies and not focusing much. Sometimes he remembered and sometimes he didn’t. I wish I would have mentioned shaving to him. I’ll bet that would have all come back to him.
Dad was gone when the Sensor 3 came out in 1995. I bought it and guess what? I liked it. I have purchased every new razor Gillette has brought out. But, I’m about ready to stop. First, I have a terrible time buying the right blades for my Gillette Fusion Power. I have brought home the wrong blades twice. I have thought about tattooing “FUSION POWER” on my knuckles, but what happens when the new model comes out. Then, I still have my old Mach 3 Turbo! Fortunately all of my mis- purchased blades work in my Turbo. I think I like the Mach 3 Turbo better. It doesn’t vibrate, but at my age, that’s probably good.
At Christmas time in 2005, I bought my son the latest Gillette model. I was disappointed when he wasn’t excited about it. It was dumb on my part. He didn’t know the history and quite frankly, even the throw aways today probably do a pretty good job. I guess you had to watch the Old Man use the straight razor to be wildly impressed.
Its Got Snuggability!
Only in America can somebody cut holes in a blanket and have the audacity to sell it as a “Snuggie.” “One size fits all.” You bet. When an item has no shape, of course, one size fits all. And you can talk on the phone without having to throw off your warm blanket, because you are wearing it.
It is also perfect for people on a diet who like to cheat, but don’t want to get caught. You can hide a box of chocolate and a turkey leg inside the Snuggie and no one will be the wiser. They have now come out with a leopard skin patterned Snuggie. This is for the style conscious purchaser. And, with Veterans Day right around the corner, they should come out with a camouflage Snuggie. Hey kid, get your camouflage Snuggie and you will never have to go to bed on time again. Your parents won’t be able to find you.
Snuggies need to steal the Bud Light punch line. “Snuggies are so popular, because they have snuggability.” Not too light, not too heavy. That’s snuggability!
I don’t think Snuggies have pockets. I don’t know why. It doesn’t seem like such a leap to put a pocket or two on the Snuggie. Maybe this will come out for Christmas. With a pocket, you could take your Chia Pet with you. I have already figured out that the nuts who are buying Snuggies are the same nuts who already own a Chia Pet. Those are the pets that you water and grass or clover or something grows out of them. How about a Snuggie that when you water it, something — No. Never mind.
Anyway, I went on line to see if Chia is still selling their pets. They are. They will now even sell you a bust of Homer Simpson where you can water his hair and green stuff will grow. Wait. There’s more. You can also purchase a bust of President Obama. Again, you water and he grows green hair. I think this was personally approved by his environmental Czar. For $19.95, you get the bust, seed packets for three plantings, a plastic drip tray and instructions. It goes on to say that the teleprompter is not included.
I Can’t Stand Consumers Union
That’s right, I can’t stand Consumers Union (CU). Through their Consumer Reports magazine, they judge products and decide what the American public should buy. But, what if they are wrong, or worse, what if they have a bias against a particular product? Who sits in judgment to determine whether CU was correct? The answer is no one! And, believe me, they do have biases.
That is exactly what happened when they killed the Suzuki Samurai. All they needed to do was hold a press conference and declare that the Samurai “rolls over easily” and that then sparked the sale of their next Consumer Reports issue that declared the Samurai sport utility vehicle (SUV) was “not acceptable.”
The product liability lawyers who financially support CU love such issues. They immediately started suing Suzuki. The news media, who never questions CU carried the CU/Samurai story and all of the evening news channels were showing the Samurai up on two wheels. Sales for the Samurai dropped from 81,000 in 1987 to just 5,000 two years later.
The CU report came out in 1988. And, believe me, no investigative reporter was digging into how the testing of the Samurai was conducted. Eight years later, when Consumer Reports, in an anniversary issue, celebrated the demise of the Samurai, George Ball, General Counsel for American Suzuki decided to sue CU for defamation and product disparagement. George took over in 1993 when the company was being devastated by Samurai law suits. All the expensive pretrial discovery was done and then the cases would be settled. George told me, “Jack, we are being raped by the plaintiff attorneys and fondled by the defense attorneys.”
George decided to fight back. He assembled a strong defense team which would take certain selected cases to trial. I was fortunate to be part of the team providing advice on National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) issues. Of the four Samurai cases Suzuki took to trial, they won three of them. Cale Yarbough, a NASCAR champion, testified that the Samurai had excellent stability. In fact, he had one he used on his farm. The plaintiff lawyers moved elsewhere. It became too expensive and time consuming to sue Suzuki.
So in 1996, after suing CU and going through discovery, Suzuki finally found out how the Samurai was tested and how CU got it up on two wheels. CU went into the testing convinced that the Samurai would fail. Many of the CU VIPs came out to the track to watch the Samurai fail. The problem was it didn’t. It reminds me of the Northern aristocrats who brought their basket lunches out to watch the North rout the South at the
first Battle of Bull Run.
CU’s two professional drivers drove the little SUV through CU’s accident avoidance course (the same course they had used to test previous SUVs). The Samurai preformed outstandingly! All 37 test runs were successful. The professional test drivers gave the Samurai high scores. The CU leadership was frustrated and allegedly comments were made about the need to tip up the Samurai. Then a non-professional executive for CU, David Pittle, got behind the wheel. His first nine runs went smoothly. Then, on his 10th run, Pittle took one turn too wide and in trying to get back on course, the Samurai tipped up on two wheels. Later watching and listening to the video tape, it was easy to hear those present cheering. Needless to say, that was the end of the testing for the day.
The CU staff then studied how Pittle (I pronounce it, Piddle) got the Samurai up on two wheels. They saw where he made his mistakes. Then, taking that information, they modified the obstacle course so as to insure the Samurai would fail. I said they gamed the test. George Ball said they rigged the test. Whatever you call it, it was despicable. Then with the “modified accident avoidance course,” they ran the Samurai to its preordained tip up. It took a number of runs to tip it up, but they got it there. And, that was what everyone saw on the evening news.
The Center for Auto Safety, which has obvious links with CU, petitioned NHTSA to have the Samurai declared defective. NHTSA turned them down. NHTSA also mentioned that CU’s so called “accident avoidance maneuver” test did not have a scientific basis (we subsequently learned that in spades) and could not be linked to real world crash avoidance needs, or actual crash data.
Now you know why I have no use for Consumers Union or Consumer Reports. I think what they did was corrupt and no one would have ever known if Suzuki hadn’t sued. How many other Samurai cases are out there that no one knows about? How did the law suit come out? It went on for years. The trial judge kept dismissing the case and the Federal Appeals Court (in California, no less) would reverse and reinstate the case for trial. It eventually settled. I am not privy to the terms of the settlement. If I were, I wouldn’t be able to tell you.
So because of my strong contempt for Consumers Union, life is more of a struggle. I can’t use Consumer Reports as a crutch when I need to buy a new toaster or ice cream maker. I will probably survive.
Retirement, Now What? Who Cares?
I was playing golf the other day and my partner asked me, “Jack, now that you are retired, how are you occupying your time?” It took me too long to respond. I finally mentioned golf and my blog. But, any of you who keep track of my blog know that I haven’t been spending a hell of a lot of time on it. So, I decided to give some serious thought to this weighty issue.
I decided I feel pretty busy, but I know I’m not. I’m just letting the meager tasks I have fill up my time. Can you imagine how little pressure I feel? It’s great! Am I capable of doing more? You bet. But, deep down inside, I would resent having to shift gears.
I read a lot. Once in a while, I read a worthy book, like Collin Powell’s “My American Journey”, or “1776” by David McCullough. But, not very often. I would rather read about Western heroes taking on incredible odds, like Louis L’Amour Sacketts, or Detectives like Michael Connelly’s Harry Bosch catching the bad guys at great risk to life and limb. Oh, and I want a happy ending – none of this Message in a Bottle crap where the hero dies in the end. If I want heartache and sorrow, I’ll pick up the newspaper. I read terribly slow, so reading is a commitment and my effort deserves a happy ending.
I study and play chess. I have some great books on chess openings and even some kind of an on-line study program. I am the proud owner of three computer chess games. Each one is more sophisticated than the previously purchased one. There lies the rub. I hate to lose. One chess computer I can beat almost all the time. One I can beat about half the time, and my most sophisticated chess computer beats me like a rug (even at its lowest level). It is also impossible to play head games with a computer. But, it plays head games with me. I take 3-5 minutes to make my move and bam! It answers in two seconds. Why couldn’t they have sent me one with a defective knight?
I am careful about playing chess. I think chess can be a sickness like drugs or alcohol and you can end up doing nothing but playing chess and dribbling out of the corner of your mouth. Bobby Fischer is one of the basket cases I can cite. So, I play intensely for a couple of weeks and then I step away (probably because I have lost two or three in a row). I hate losing
Have you noticed a theme? Never lose, happy endings. It is something to strive for. How about never getting sick? That’s too much to ask for.
Being retired also provides us with the time we need to take care of our medical problems. It takes me a certain amount of time just to organize my pills for the week. Then, if I could just remember to take them.
The only special project I have taken on is fighting to keep 36 holes of golf at Fort Belvoir. Some three-bags-full bureaucrat decided 27 holes were enough. As you might know, the Army is going to position the Army Museum on the front nine of our Gunston course. I devoted a number of hours to shooting down the Army’s first draft environmental assessment. We are about due for the revised draft EA. I’ll get another shot at this one, but I’ve already written about this before (The Army is Gobbling Up Golf Courses at Fort Belvoir), so I’ll pass on.
The bottom line is that if tomorrow someone asks me how I am occupying my time in retirement, I will probably pause too long in responding. But, I won’t be concerned. I’m having too much fun.